发布于2024-12-12 阅读(0)
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使用python进行数据库操作时,经常会遇到一些常见的错误和问题。这些错误和问题不仅会影响代码的质量和运行效率,还会导致难以调试和维护。为了帮助您避免这些问题,本文将提供一些宝贵的提示和技巧,帮助您提升数据库操作技能,从而提高工作效率和项目质量。
import Mysql.connector # 建立数据库连接 connection = mysql.connector.connect(host="localhost", database="mydb", user="user", passWord="password") # 创建游标 cursor = connection.cursor() # 使用参数化查询来查询数据 sql = "SELECT * FROM users WHERE username=%s" param = ("john",) # 执行查询 cursor.execute(sql, param) # 获取查询结果 result = cursor.fetchall() # 打印查询结果 for row in result: print(row) # 关闭游标和数据库连接 cursor.close() connection.close()
with
语句来管理事务。import mysql.connector # 建立数据库连接 connection = mysql.connector.connect(host="localhost", database="mydb", user="user", password="password") # 创建游标 cursor = connection.cursor() # 启动事务 cursor.start_transaction() try: # 执行SQL语句 sql = "UPDATE users SET balance=balance+100 WHERE username=%s" param = ("john",) cursor.execute(sql, param) # 提交事务 connection.commit() except: # 回滚事务 connection.rollback() # 关闭游标和数据库连接 cursor.close() connection.close()
pymysql
库中的ConnectionPool
类来创建连接池。from pymysql import ConnectionPool # 创建连接池 connection_pool = ConnectionPool(host="localhost", database="mydb", user="user", password="password", max_connections=5) # 获取连接 connection = connection_pool.get_connection() # 创建游标 cursor = connection.cursor() # 执行SQL语句 sql = "SELECT * FROM users WHERE username=%s" param = ("john",) cursor.execute(sql, param) # 获取查询结果 result = cursor.fetchall() # 打印查询结果 for row in result: print(row) # 关闭游标和连接 cursor.close() connection.close()
sqlalchemy
库来使用ORM框架。from sqlalchemy import create_engine, Column, Integer, String from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base # 创建引擎 engine = create_engine("mysql+pymysql://user:password@localhost/mydb") # 创建会话 Session = sessionmaker(bind=engine) session = Session() # 定义模型 Base = declarative_base() class User(Base): __tablename__ = "users" id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True) username = Column(String(20)) balance = Column(Integer) # 查询数据 user = session.query(User).filter_by(username="john").first() # 更新数据 user.balance += 100 session.commit() # 关闭会话 session.close()
mysqldump
命令来备份数据库。mysqldump -u user -p password mydb > backup.sql
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